A mixture of clays molded into a shape and heated at high temperatures – resulting in a hard body. This hard body may be left untreated or it may receive a glazed wear layer. All the raw materials that go into making ceramic tile come from the earth, including the colors of the glaze.
A glazed tile is already stain proof, so there is no purpose to putting on a sealer. You may put a penetrating sealer on your unglazed tile or your grout joints. The penetrating sealer is an invisible, stain resistant shield that is
absorbed into the surface.
Glazed tiles should never be waxed. The purpose of the glaze is to give you a
maintenance-free floor. If you wax the glaze, you will create more work for
yourself. To keep your tile looking new, use a small amount of vinegar in
warm water, plus a clean rinse
No all tile are not stain resistant, stain resistance depends on the water
absorption. (WA) The higher the WA lowers the stain resistance and vice versa
vitrified tiles have high stain resistance because of their very low WA.
Ceramic tile floors don't need any wax or floor finish, and all you have to do is sweep and mop them regularly to keep them clean and shiny. Mop with clear water (or add just a dab of liquid dish detergent), and change the water as soon as it gets cloudy. Too much soap or dirty water will leave a dulling or sticky film. Don't use brown or black nylon-backed scrub pads on ceramic tile, or you could scratch the surface (Please refer the suitable cleaning agents)
Use a carbide-tipped masonry bit or diamond drill bit; Regular twist-drill bits
can't cut through the fire-hardened glaze. Not necessarily. Porcelain tile is no
different in temperature than anything else in the room except that it holds
its temperature better because of its mass. Of course, cool is good in warm
weather climates and it's easy to warm things up with an area rug or two.
To be used outdoors, the tile must be frost proof and unglazed for floor use.
Make sure the absorption rate is 0.5% or less.
A full body tile made of porcelain with color all through and no surface glazing.
Due to the full body, texture can be molded into tile to create a more natural
stone look and non-slip surface alternative it can be polished to give a marble
effect. Generally polished vitrified tiles need sealing. These tiles are very hard
wearing and commercial quality.
The Nano polished vitrified tiles improves the hygiene factors of tiles as these
tiles are being treated with nano polymers whereby the tile becomes non
porous and also become excellent repellent to dust, dirt, stain and also
develops anti-bacterial properties.
As the name implies Double Charge (DC) vitrified tiles has two layers with the
verification thickness of the top layer is about 3 to 4 mm more than the normal
tiles and hence the tile is more stronger and exhibits high resistance to
scratches/abrasions and recommended for high traffic areas.
Glazed vitrified tiles is a vitrified tile in which the top surface of the tile is glazed. The glaze layer on
top of the vitrified body allows any kind of printing, be it ,digital,3D, any kind of murals, art work,
designs, textures, colours, shades ,finishes.viz: polished,glossy,matt,honed,rock,satin matt, wood etc.
The manufacturing process of the Vitrified tiles is far more superior to that of Ceramic tiles. The
vitrified tiles are also homogeneous and consistent in composition. Ceramic tiles have merely a
decorative coat on the top and hence their composition is not consistent.
Porcelain tile is a dense clay mixture that provides a very dense body tile. It is considered an
impervious body which means its water absorption is less than 0.5%.against a ceramic floor tile
wherein the water absorption is 5-6% and ceramic wall tiles @18%water absorption.Another
important difference with respect to Modulus of Rupture in N/MM2 wherein in vitrified tiles it is
minimum 35 N/mm2 and in ceramic Floor it is 22 N/mm2 and wall 15N/mm2.
Conclusion:In terms of technical parameters viz;Physical and chemical properties Vitrified tile is
superior to ceramic tile
Vitrified tiles are unglazed tiles. Their polish is achieved by very hard materials and they are very
strong and durable, whereas porcelain tiles are glazed tiles and their durability is as good as the
durability of the glaze applied over them. And glazes are not hard and scratch resistant as the vitrified
tiles.
This product is designed for heavy traffic areas. Its high hardness and breaking strength compared to
marble and other ceramic flooring make it an ideal choice for high traffic application. It is especially
suited for high traffic areas such as hotel lobbies and airports from the point of durability and
aesthetics. If maintained properly, that is, kept free of grit and sand, it should last the lifetime of your
home.
Vitrified Tiles have far superior properties compared to marble or natural granite because being a
manufactured product their quality is controlled whereas in naturally occurring marble and granite
good quality is just a coincidence. Vitrified tiles possess much better mechanical strength (MOR),
scratch resistance, resistance to acids, alkalies and chemicals, resistance to staining etc compared to
marble or natural granite. Marble is a very soft material and hence its abrasion resistance is
approximately 3 whereas vitrified tiles have an abrasive resistance of 6-7 on MOH scale. Marble is
calcium carbonate which is strongly attached by Hydrochloric acid which is commonly used in toilet &
floor cleaning. Marble yellows over extended time duration whereas vitrified tiles retain their color for
decades. Polished natural granite shows several surface defects and a good quality is just a matter of
chance whereas vitrified tiles are guaranteed for consistent good quality. Marble laying is very
cumbersome and time consuming whereas vitrified tiles may be laid in a matter of hours and put to
use after 48 hours.
Vitrified tiles are not affected by the use of hydrochloric acid or any other alkaline compounds whereas
the tile joints /mortar may tend to react.Hence it is advisable to use diluted acid as a cleaner and
read the manufacturers manual before using it.
Yes vitrified tiles are also available with a homogeneous body.
Vitrified tiles are not affected by fire and are absolutely fire safe flooring material.
Definitely. Outside, or Alfresco/external tiles are exposed to harsher conditions than indoor tiles. For
this reason, outside tiles need to be resistant to the elements – like Ultraviolet (UV) frost and
slipperiness. We have a wide selection of products for outdoor use, including glazed ceramics,
terracotta, slate, sandstones, porcelain, and not to mention all sorts of external feature tiles, like pool
surrounds and bull nose, pebbled borders and sandstone chips.
The Tile People do not recommend glass being put onto the floor as a main tile, however in low traffic
areas like a bathroom or passage, glass can be used as a décor or feature.
We have a great range of plastic and metal trims and angles, from leading brands .Trims and angles
are used to finish off corners and edges and come in many colors to coordinate with your floor and
wall tiles.
Spacer is a material generally made of plastic in the shape of “T” or cross which is being used at the
time of laying of tiles. The use of spacers allows the two adjacent tiles to maintain uniform distance
between each tile that gives a great look besides allowing the tile grouting including epoxy which can
be used that will complement the tile itself and does not allow any dust or dirt deposits. Also tolerance
variation in any tile is unavoidable and using spacers the undulation can be concealed to a great
extent.
Any tile ceramic or porcelain that has an edge cut perpendicular to each other (very square edge).
These tiles can be laid either as joint free (paper joint)or with spacer
Yes as long as the tiles don't appear dummy (hollow underneath) and the floor is prepared properly.
You can also lay over timber but it's not recommended to lay over vinyl or slate. When doing either of
these you will need to use more specific adhesive.
It is always advisable to remove the old tiles because when fixed over a thin set of cement mortar the
upper level can be maintained and the upper surface of tow tile can be matched. In laying tile over tile
firstly cement mortar cannot be used because it will not grip on the previous tiles. For this purpose tile
adhesive is more desirable but it cannot absorb the thickness variation will show up by the same
amount on the surface also.Also since we are laying tile on tile the length of the window to be cut to
match the new tile flooring level
We can use floor tiles on walls but we can't use ceramic wall tiles on the floor. The reason being that
the wall tiles can observe water in the range of 10%-20% whereas for ceramic floor tiles it is between
3-6% and for vitrified floor it is less than 0.5%.Also the bending strength of wall tiles is only around
15 N/mm2 and in the case of Ceramic floor it is 22N/mm2 and in vitrified floor it is 32N/mm2.Hence
we cannot use ceramic wall tiles for floor application
Tile Adhesive has in general been a Polymer modified Gray/White
cement-based general purpose adhesive having excellent application
properties with good bond strength used for fixing terracotta and
ceramic tiles on both interior floor and wall in dry areas on
cementitious substrate. Also suitable for installing porous natural
stones on interior floors only
Bonding Strength:Since adhesive is polymer modified and
water resistant it is easy to mix and apply.The recommended
setting time of tile adhesives allows for easy tile adjustments
within a specific timeframe.
Fast and efficient, easy to use, only mixed with water.
Thinner Layer:Tile adhesive typically has a smooth slurry that
helps create a thinner layer when applying it for natural stone,
ceramic tiles, and other wall tiles installation.
Wider Application:The application can be done on existing tiles
and many special substrates like polished cement, dry wall
system, etc. whereas Sand -Cement mortar are
1. Not applicable to lay low absorbent tiles like 60 x 60 cm
granite or any larger tile sizes.
2. Not applicable to lay tiles on existing tiles, and on polished
cement.
3. Not applicable to lay glass mosaics
The main reason for providing a gap between the tiles is to
accommodate for slight sizing differences from tile to tile that are
created during the manufacturing process. The gap enables the installer
to adjust the tile to compensate for these sizing differences and allow for
a straight grout line.
Also, tiles are subject to thermal expansion & contraction, and
these small gaps prevent any possible cracking of the tiles or their
detaching from the basis. Laying tiles with small gaps also prevents
problems in case of mechanical damage to one of them.
If the tiles were indeed laid out without joints, it would not have
been possible to safely remove one of them.Installing tiles with no grout
line would reduce the space between tiles to the minimum but would not
eliminate it. The remaining space would allow water to seep between
bathroom wall tiles and for dust and dirt to accumulate in the gap
between kitchen floor tiles. Hence, without tile joint grouting, tile fixing
is a half done process.
The Spacers are available in Plastic/wood/ceramic materials from 1mm
to 12mm and usage depends on the type/size of the tile
/application/climatic conditions etc.
It is available in “T” & +” shapes
Grout is an essential part of your tile installation and choosing the right
grout can make all the difference between an installation that looks and
performs beautifully over time and one that rapidly deteriorates into a
dangerous eye-sore
● It gives your floor or wall a crisp finished appearance.
● It helps keep dirt and debris from getting in between and under
your tile.
● It adds rigidity and strength to the tile installation.
Different types of grouts are
1.Non Sanded Grout
2.Sanded Cementitious Grout
3.Epoxy Grout
Non Sanded Grout:This is a cement Polymer grout.A high quality
polymer-modified, water resistant, cement based grout designed for
grouting glazed wall tiles, porcelain tiles, mosaic, vitrified & fully vitrified
tiles, natural and engineered stones.Availabe in different colours
Features: 1.Good Bond Strength 2.Water Resistant 3.Fot Interior and
Exterior Use 4.Used for joint Spacer width of of 1-6 mm
Sanded Cementitious Grout:This is wider joint Grout.High quality,
water resistant, cement based grout designed for grouting ceramic tiles,
clay tiles, concrete tiles, mosaics, quarries etc.
Note: Not recommended for tiles with metal decor or luster.
Features: 1.Provides high strength and durable joints 2.Water resistant
3.Water based – easy to be cleaned from tiled surface 4.Suitable for
joint width of 3 – 12 mm 5.For interior & exterior use
EPOXY GROUT is hygienic, stain-resistant, 3 component epoxy resin-based grout with a high degree of resistance to chemical attack, abrasion and impact. The cured grout does not transfer taints to food products, prevents the entry of bacteria or dirt and is easily maintained in a sterile condition. EPOXY GROUT is designed for grouting glazed tiles, mosaic, vitrified and fully vitrified tiles, ceramic tiles, industrial tiles,
granites, marbles & other natural stones, etc.
Available in different colours
Features:
1.Hygienic and chemical resistant
2.Stain and bacterial resistant
3.Provides high strength and durable joints 4.Suitable for submerged conditions
5.Easy to be cleaned from tiled surface 6.Suitable for joint width of 1 – 12 mm 7.For interior & exterior use
Water closet /Toilet pan is an important component in a bathroom, as apart from functional utility values, it also enhances, if ideally selected, personal and emotional aura, be it, residential or commercial buildings, High end Villas,hospitals/ hospitality industries/educational institutions /multiplexes and the list goes on.
In general, the decision is based on three factors
1).Structural viz:
How much is the space available. For eg Wall hung with concealed cistern can be recommended for a smaller bath room allowing more movable space
2. Technical
(a)Kind of drainage out lets (”S” trap for floor and “P” trap for wall),
(b) Size of the bowl
( c) Cleaning mechanism (eg) Tornado, wash down,3/4D etc.
(d) Water saving viz; Dual flush Cistern
(e) Type of Seat covers (soft closing, regular etc)
3. Aesthetics.
Thanks to the advent of technologies plenty of options are available for customers based on colour, functionality, style, shape, viz; One piece toilet, Closed coupled, Back to wall, Extended Wall hung, Indian water closet (Orissa pan), Asian pan etc
As the name implies, one piece toilets is made in a single mold and hence
endurable and good look and at a very comfortable height and very easy to
install. One Piece toilets are available with different options of flushing
systems including Syphonic, Tornado, Wash down etc. and also comes in
rimless with 4D/5D flushing which is highly hygienic.
Thus single piece toilets completely eliminates the problems encountered in
two piece closed coupled toilet pans like leakage,breakage,hinges getting
corroded due to wear and tear, tougher cleaning, time consuming installation
besides design limitations like heights etc.
It is also available in soft closing seat covers and in different trap(S and P)
sizes varying from 100 mm (4”) to 300 mm (12”) though 8/9” are the most
popular sizes
Two piece closed coupled toiled are basically a floor standing pan wherein the
water closet bowl is coupled to a water tank either PVC or ceramic. This is
less expensive than a single piece toilets and comes with various options in
size, shape, height etc. Flushing mechanism also comes with water saving
dual flush options like 4/6 ltrs and can be installed either as horizontal or
vertical out lets(P or S trap)
Wall hung is definitely a very good option as apart from its very modern
outlook and easy maintenance etc, the biggest advantage being, the height
can be custom made. This becomes very handy especially for people with
special needs for easy accessibility
Also Wall hung WC brings lot of aesthetic values to bath room and allows
more space
Concealed cistern has lot of advantages and few pre requisites.
Pros:
(a) Where Space is limited
(b)On the lookout for a contemporary, sleek outlook.
(c)Easy to clean as it is used with wall Hung WC
(d)Hygienic
Cons:
(a) Can be used only with Wall hung WC
(b) Since it is concealed inside a wall /ledge replacement in future may be a concern
(c) To make provision at the time plumbing to switching off water to cistern if needed for extegencies
People with lesser mobility or physically challenged should be able to access
the toilet without any discomfort and hence toilets should be retrofitted with
accessories like grab bars, higher toilet bowls, seat covers, hinged hand rails
shower chairs etc.
Perfect selection of a Wash Basin is paramount in any building, as good selection of wash basin can complement the WC’s and other bath accessories apart from its functional values and is based on
(i)Materials:
Wash basins are available in different materials including Vitreous China, Glass, Marble, Solid surface, stone, wood etc. though Vitreous China are the most popular one.
(ii)Space:
Bathroom size is an important criteria towards selection of Wash basin. A normal size bath room can have wash basin with pedestal or half pedestal. Modern trend includes, Under Counter, Counter tops, Vanity basins, Wall Hung Rim Mounted, Free Standing, Integrated basins, Built in counters etc. From current trend prospective, Washbasin with furniture is becoming younger generation’s preference.
If space is not a constraint then custom made Wash basin in Solid surface materials/marble or wood are choices one can consider.
(iii)Structural:
One also need to consider the piping connections available/provided before one freezing the choice
(iv)Application:
One more important aspect is the kind of project it is needed whether residential/commercial/Villas/multiplexes/hospitals/hospitality segments/ educational institutions etc. Segmentation and specialization has become the order of the day we have exclusively basin for beauty parlor saloons, kids, persons with special needs etc.
1.Single Lever Taps:The temperature can be controlled by single lever by moving it from left to right and vice versa and by lifting the lever for controlling the pressure of water flow
2.Quarter Turn Taps:By turning the ceramic disc from 0 to 90 degrees water flow can be achieved with full pressure.Since within ¼ turn full flow is achieved it is a good option for people with physical challenges,arthritis
also for elders.
3.Pillar Taps:It comes with vertical inlet and tilted or horizontal outlet and to control the water flow come with rubber sealing.Also it is coming with variants like long body and swan neck pillar taps.Hot and cold water requires two separate taps. It is a good option for those who are looking for affordability and customisable handle based on your selection of wash basin. Since it has rubber sealant may be prone to frequent maintenance.
4.Pressmatic Taps:Generally used in public utility areas like Multiplexes,Cinema hall, Hotels,Theaters etc.It operates on a very simple mechanism of pressing the tap to get water. Useful for those who harp on water saving and sustainability.
5.Sensor Taps;It is becoming increasingly popular especially in high end public areas like airports etc as this has minimal water consumption and wastages and minimal repair. Best option for those who are looking for Hygienic tap which consumes less water and touchless operation and does not have budget constraints.
Aerator is a mechanical device fixed in the tap and its function is to mix air with water.The advantages of aerator in a taps are:
1.It saves water as much as 60%
2.Reduces the noise level of the taps
3.Does not Splash and hence no spillovers
4.Improves water pressure
5.Filters debris:The small sieve plate filters minute sand /dust
granules/debris etc
It could be due to deposits in the aerator Solution:
1.Remove the aerator and clean it,Check the aerator and rinse it off if
there are any deposits
2.Flush the water supply lines.
3.Tighten all the screws of the faucet and make sure that all the valves
are working properly.
Shower is the heartthrob of any bathroom which is a stressbuster and
one gets rejuvenation instantaneously and choosing the correct product
that serves your purpose is of utmost importance.
The selection challenge comes in choosing between Wall Mixer and
diverter and depends on purpose and functionality besides design and
aesthetics.
A wall mixer is a single unit mounted on the wall, seamlessly integrating hot and cold water controls and a spout. It offers a convenient way to adjust water temperature and flow with a single lever or two separate knobs.
Conclusion:
Choose wall mixer if your needs are
1.Control on water temperature
2.Two separate knobs for Hot and Cold water
3.Bigger Space
4.Elborate Designs that are varied
5.Lower Installation cost
A Diverter is a valve that directs water flow between different shower
outlets, such as a fixed showerhead, a handheld showerhead, or body
jets. The diverter itself is typically concealed within the wall, with only a
control panel visible on the surface.
Conclusion:
Choose Divertor if your needs are
1.Single Lever Operation
2.Compact and less visible
3.Sleek,Minimalist,Freak Gen Z look
4.Multi Outlet Configurations
5.Initial Installation cost in not a concern
These refer to how the valve is installed and, consequently, the overall
look and functionality. Understanding the differences between concealed
and external valves can help you make the right choice.
As the name implies ,concealed valves are hidden inside the wall or the
shower panel and only the control plates or levers are only visible thereby
enhancing your bathroom a sleek and elegant look and minimalistic
appearance.
Pros:
1.Sophisticated Look :Concealed valves offer a clean and uncluttered look, making them an excellent choice for modern and minimalistic designs.
2.Saves space:Very Good choice where space is a constraint
3.Better Temperature Control:Many concealed valves are thermostatic, ensuring precise control. This feature prevents suddenntemperature fluctuations and scalding, enhancing safety.
4.Flexibility: Concealed valves can be paired with various showerheads, handsets, and body jets, allowing you to create a custom showering experience tailored to your preferences.
Cons:
1.Expensive compared to exposed shower
2.Delicate handling
3.After sales service sometimes may be challenging
4.May require a very experienced plumber for installation
External valves, on the other hand, are installed on the surface
externally. The entire valve assembly, including the controls, pipework,
and fixtures, is visible.
Pros:
1.Traditional Design: Exposed valves are tested and proven design,making them a suitable choice for bathrooms with a classic or vintage aesthetic.
2.Easy maintenance : Because all components are visible and
accessible, exposed valves are easier to maintain and repair without
braking the tiles
3.Affordability: Exposed valves are often more budget-friendly than
concealed ones, making them an attractive option for homeowners driven
by budget
4.Installation: Exposed valves are very easy to install.
Cons:
1.More like a commodity product
2.All controls like temperature,water pressure etc are to be controlled
manually
Due to the presence of minerals and salt in water, scaling is formed on
the product if it is not cleaned regularly. The products should be cleaned
gently at regular intervals. Also, take extra care to clean the edges and
corners of the products because these areas are more vulnerable for
scale settling.
Always test your cleaning solution on an inconspicuous area of the
product before applying to entire surface of the product
During cleaning of the tiles or floors in the bathroom with cleaning
agents which contain acids or chemicals, acid fumes are formed. Because
the basic material used in the Faucet is brass and brass being an alloy of
copper, reacts with these acid fumes. With this reaction, a green color
layer / Black Spots are formed on the products resulting in damage to the
outer finish or coating. It is recommended the faucets be covered with
cloth before doing such floor cleaning, to protect them from acidic fumes.
Scratching or scrubbing occurs due to the hard nature of cloth or
coarse cleaning powder being used for cleaning. Use a gentle fluffy soft
cloth for cleaning the surface
While cleaning the sensor after installation, do not use abrasive cleansers, as they may damage the sensor's surface.
● Do not use water to clean the sensor.
● Do not use caustic detergent. Do not ever strike at the machine
directly.
● Check the battery and power regularly. When the indicator flashes
every four seconds, it is out of power. Please change the batteries.
● Clean the filter net from time to time (every six or twelve months or
whenever the water flow becomes less).
Always rinse the sink after every use and wipe dry.
● Avoid use of cleaners & bleachers containing harmful chemicals and acid.
● Avoid prolonged contact with citric or high salt concentration food as it can lead to staining, pitting and corrosion of the sink.
● Steel wool / wired brushes / abrasive sponge pads are not recommended for cleaning as it leads to scratches and rusting on the sink.
● Do not use the sink drain board as a cutting or chopping board as it will leave scratches on the sink.
● Prolonged exposure to sunlight will lead the film coating to stick to the sink and may be difficult to remove later.
● Do not remove the film coating on the sink before installation to avoid scratches and damage during installation. Remove the film
only after installation.
● Remove all traces of cement, mortar, lime, POP etc. used during installation as it can lead to surface rusting or pitting.
● Carefully inspect the new product for damage before installation.
A spa is a place that offers a variety of health and beauty treatments. These can include massages, facials, body scrubs, and saunas. Spas are often designed to create a relaxing and rejuvenating atmosphere.
Spas offer a variety of special features designed to create a relaxing and rejuvenating experience.
Here are some of the key ones:
Focus on Relaxation and Well-being: The primary goal is to provide an escape from daily stress. This is achieved through a serene atmosphere, calming music, and a focus on tranquility.
● Variety of Treatments: Spas offer a wide range of services,
including:
○ Massages: Swedish, deep tissue, aromatherapy, hot stone, etc.
○ Facials: Customized to different skin types, often incorporating cleansing, exfoliation, and masks.
○ Body Treatments: Wraps, scrubs, and treatments like mud baths.
○ Hydrotherapy: Saunas, steam rooms, hot tubs, and whirlpools.
● Emphasis on Natural Elements: Many spas utilize natural products like essential oils, herbs, and minerals in their treatments.
● Personalized Experiences: Spas often offer customized treatment plans based on individual needs and preferences.
● Luxurious Ambiance: The environment is designed to be luxurious and inviting, with features like comfortable lounges, relaxation areas, and often beautiful decor.These special features work together to create a holistic experience that promotes relaxation, stress reduction, and overall well-being.
Yes, it is definitely one of the best options available in the market for the following reasons
1.Health and wellness benefits Viz:
Hydromassage: A gentle jet stream massage bath that stimulates from the surface of the skin onwards. The deep tissue massage stimulates blood vessels and nerve endings and relaxes your body’s entire muscular system.
Air Massage: An infinite number of air bubbles provide a caressing sensation on the skin and allow the water‘s soothing warmth to penetrate deeper into the body‘s tissue. This sensational feeling, akin to weightlessness, is accompanied by a deep experience of healing
warmth.
Chromotherapy: The use of various coloured lights offers additional
therapeutic benefits when used in conjunction with the whirlpools
massage. These include:
Green: has harmonious effects on the digestive system.
Yellow: radiates sun-like warmth on the body.
Blue: is calming and soothing and lets you float away into your dreams.
Red: infuses energy and vitality, giving lost strength to the entire system.
2.Ultimate Relaxation:The bubbling water from the powerful jets gently massages away the stress and tension while you are soaking in the warm bathtub. It's like having your spa retreat right in your bathroom
Whirlpool comes with plethora of options.Please get in touch with us @80562 34818 or e mail us :nagarajan@buildexindia.in for further details
A sauna is a small, enclosed room designed to generate dry heat. Typically, temperatures range from 150°F to 195°F (65°C to 90°C) with low humidity. The heat is often produced by heated rocks,
electric heaters, or even wood-burning stoves.
There is no correct temperature for a sauna; it depends on the preferences of the one taking the sauna. With heat storing sauna heaters, the sauna has a low temperature, and with wall sauna heaters, the sauna has higher temperatures. To achieve a high temperature, the sauna has to be heated up over a longer time.
You can have a window but it must be made of tempered glass which is able to withstand the differences in temperature and will not crack. If the window can be opened, make sure it is always closed properly when the sauna is on.
To achieve the maximum possible return from your sauna, it is important to keep it clean and attractive. You should therefore clean the sauna regularly. Scrub the benches and floor with a green liquid soap, which is a mild and gentle detergent with a pleasant, old-fashioned fragrance.
A steam room has a temperature of about 50 degrees and the humidity level is 100%. Steam is produced by a steam generator and this heats the room and keeps the humidity level high.
Clearer skin: Steam showers have the ability to unclog pores and remove deeply trapped congestion from under the surface the skin Infection treatment:A major benefit of regular steam showers is relief from respiratory infections
Increased circulation: Steam showers are an excellent way to naturally boost circulation throughout the body. Increased circulation brings more oxygen to cells and decreases the risk of hypertension, hardened arteries and muscle function
Stress relief: One of the most powerful benefits of steam showers is their ability to reduce both physical and mental stress
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a chemical compound of chlorine, carbon and hydrogen. The components of PVC originate from the naturally occurring raw materials of petroleum or natural gas and common salt. The “u' stands for unplasticised and means that the material has not been softened by the addition of chemicals known as plasticizers. PVC was produced for the first time in 1935 and has been industrially manufactured in large quantities for over 5o years. It has been developed into a material that can offer a wider range of properties and therefore has many different applications.
➢ Casement windows
➢ Casement doors
➢ Casement window with grill and mesh
➢ 2 track 2 panel window
➢ 3 track 3 panel window
➢ French windows and doors
➢ Double rail with screen sash
➢ Arch windows
➢ Tilt and turn windows
➢ Slide and Fold doors
➢ Tilt and slide doors
➢ Twin Sash grill &mesh windows
➢ Efficient Thermal & UV Resistance : The multi chambered cavity of the window sections does not allow
much heat to transfer which makes it highly insulating in nature.
➢ Termite Proof :Upvc is not affected by borer and termites
➢ Excellent Sound Installation:The fusion welding and depth of the window section gives it excellent sound insulation characteristics.
➢ Maintenance Free:Upvc Windows does not require any kind of Painting/polishing or maintenance.A simple detergent solution is enough to clean it
➢ Endurability:It has long life and can withstand test of time without compromise
➢ Recyclable:It can be recycled 100% physically,chemically and energetically
➢ Fire Retardant:When subject to flames it does not catch fire on its own.When fire is removed the product extinguishes itself immediately
➢ Energy Saving:Upvc is highly insulating material,and does not allow external heat transfer thus reducing the A/c power consumption by 30-40%
➢ Easy Installation and Ambient Indoor air quality:It is very easy to fabricate and install and maintain very good indoor air quality.
➢ Excellent weather tightness and waterproof:Monsoon or heavy winds does not penetrate in places where Upvc are installed.They are completely unaffected and does not contract/expand/warp in moist weather conditions or even when it is continuosly in contact with water.
➢ Impact Resistance:It is designed and formulated in such a way that it can withstand impacts like heavy winds, environmental pressures etc.
➢ Aesthetics: Since these are “made to order “products, it is totally customised and meet your aesthetics comfortably
➢ Insect proof:Insect guard mesh can be added as an additional feature to safe guard against mosquitos and insects
Our uPVC products are free from hazardous substances, and approved for
the green building concept. The profiles we use are designed for Indian
tropical conditions and are extruded and tested conforming to BS En12608.
Systems are designed and developed for a wide range of glass sizes. They
are a superior substitute for the conventional wooden frames taking into
account the cost, strength, beauty, precision and ecology. Doors &Windows
made of engineered profile systems, don't let Heat, Cold,Sound and Dust
enter your home.
No compromise was made in meeting the standards of 2.2MM wall
thickness. This keeps our windows superior & architects first choice. Our
windows will last longer and are most suitable for our Indian climatic
conditions & environment. Our uPVC is very sturdy, and caters to quality
conscious customers.
Air-conditioned buildings in urban India consume four times the energy
consumed by similar structures in developed countries. The difference is
also due to energy lost by leakages. Our uPVC doors and windows has
inherent thermal advantages and are complemented with appropriate
glazing to obtain the optimum results through sophisticated
multi-chambered profile technology
Our uPVC offers you superior quality window profiles, also enhances
window stability and ability to protect from ultraviolet rays. India has a
very strong UV index. Our windows and doors are capable of catering to
any degree of UV radiation. Our profiles are extruded and formulated
according to Indian climatic conditions.
Our uPVC doors and windows do not demand high energy. Our long life is
due to higher resilience to weather and should need arise, they are 100%
recyclable. Environmental sustainability of the product and making it a
non- contributor to environment and health hazards. Sensibly green indeed
➢ High rise buildings ,multiplexes, shopping malls
➢ Educational institutions
➢ Hospitals
➢ Offices,
➢ Hotels
➢ Industries
➢ Residential and commercial Apartments, Villas etc,etc
Cool Roof Tile is a specifically designed tile that has got the ability to reduce the heat radiation on the surface and further reduces the indoor temperature of the rooms.Thus your home is shielded from
the harmful ultraviolet (UV)radiation
Cool Roof Tiles are manufactured using a special type of glaze that will repel heat . So, they can reflect most of the sunlight they receive and quickly radiate the heat to the surroundings. This helps to keep
the base of the tiles cooler than their surfaces, thereby, providing a cooling effect to the interiors.
SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) values called “SRI Value” of Cool Roof tiles are in excess of 86 which is much lower in other tiles. That’s why these tiles are an ideal roofing choice for buildings in hot climates especially in places like Chennai.
SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) is a measure of the solar reflectance and emissivity of materials that can be used as an indicator of how hot they are likely to become when solar radiation is incident on their surface. It is a method whereby one can evaluate roof’s ability to reject solar heat
It can be used anywhere which is exposed to sun like, Terrace,Balcony,Roofs
Cool Roof tiles are coming in
(1)Ceramic body - 7mm thickness
(2) Vitrified body -9.5/10 mm Thickness
(3) Cementitious body with 19mm thickness
Protect building From Thermal Impact
➢ No need to put Weathering Course
➢ Less usage of Fans / Air Conditioners
➢ CostEffective
➢ High Durability
➢ Easy Maintenance
➢ Anti-Skid,
➢ Water Resistant
➢ 100% Washable
➢ UserFriendly
➢ GoodAnti-fungalProperty
➢ Good Abrasion
Prepare the base mortar (Adhesive is preferable )along with
waterproofing chemical
● The total mortar thickness should not be more than 25mm
● Keep the hand mixer ready ot apply ot avoid uneven surface,
while laying the tile
● Prepare cement slurry as thick paste to spread on the morter
● Ues 6mm spacer in between tiles
● Do not use hammer for laying
● Fil the joints with white cement ,sand and waterproofing chemical
or use suitable water proofing grouting Materials
● Do not use the layed area for 48 hours
Cool Roof Tiles should always be laid with spacers with a minimum thickness of 6mm .This is a pre requisite as these tiles are exposed to sun and spacers prevents warpages due to thermal expansion and contraction and allows heat reflection and air flow.
Now a days cool roof tiles are coming with lot of colours ,but white colour has got the tendency to repel heat better than any other colour
Waterproofing is the process of making a surface or structure resistant to the passage of water. It's crucial for protecting buildings, basements, roofs, bathrooms, and other areas from water damage, which can lead to structural issues, mold growth, and health problems.
Waterproofing enhances the durability of a structure, protecting it from weather conditions and increasing its lifespan. Whether in construction or home maintenance, waterproofing is an essential step toward preserving the integrity and value of a property. Prevents Damage:Water damage can be destructive and costly to repair. It can lead to structural damage, such as wood rot and concrete degradation. By waterproofing your property, you can minimize the risk of such damage and save on repair costs in the long run. Increases Property Value: A waterproofed property is more appealing to potential buyers as it indicates that the property has been well-maintained. It can increase the resale value of your property and make it stand out in the competitive real estate market. Improves Health: Damp and moldy environments can lead to a host of health issues, including respiratory problems and allergies. Waterproofing your home helps prevent the growth of mold and mildew, creating a healthier living environment for you and your family.
Energy Efficiency:Moisture can affect the thermal efficiency of your home, leading to higher energy bills. By keeping your property dry through waterproofing, you can reduce your energy consumption and
save on utility bills. Protects Your Belongings: Water seepage can damage your belongings, especially if you have a basement filled with furniture, electronics, or personal items. Waterproofing can protect these valuable items from water damage.
Waterproofing is essential in various areas, including:
● Roofs: To prevent leaks and protect the structure.
● Basements: To prevent water seepage from the surrounding soil.
● Bathrooms and kitchens: To protect walls and floors from moisture damage.
● Foundations: To prevent water from entering the building's base.
● Swimming pools and water features: To contain water and prevent leaks.
● Decks and balconies: To protect the underlying structure from water damage.
Common signs include:
● Water stains or damp patches: On walls, ceilings, or floors.
● Peeling paint or wallpaper: Caused by moisture buildup.
● Mold or mildew growth: Indicates excessive moisture.
● Musty odors: Suggest hidden water damage.
● Cracks in walls or foundations: Can allow water to enter.
● Leaking pipes or fixtures: Obvious signs of water intrusion.
● Efflorescence: White, powdery substance on surfaces, indicating water movement.
The best waterproofing method depends on several factors:
Location: Where the waterproofing is needed (e.g., roof, basement).
● Type of structure: Building materials and design.
● Budget: Different methods have varying costs.
● Severity of the problem: A small leak requires a different approach than a major flood.
● Accessibility: How easy it is to access the area to be waterproofed.
Several materials are used for waterproofing, including:
● Membranes: Flexible sheets of material (e.g., rubber, plastic) that
create a barrier.
● Coatings: Liquid-applied sealants (e.g., acrylic, polyurethane) that
form a protective layer.
● Sealants and caulks: Used to fill cracks and gaps.
● Concrete admixtures: Added to concrete to make it more
water-resistant.
● Bitumen: A tar-like substance used for roofing and foundations.
Acrylic coatings: Water-based and flexible.
Polyurethane coatings: Durable and resistant to chemicals.
Epoxy coatings: Strong and used for high-traffic areas.
Cementitious coatings: Applied to concrete surfaces.
Modified bitumen membranes: Asphalt-based membranes with added polymers for flexibility.
EPDM rubber membranes: Durable and long-lasting synthetic rubber
membranes.
PVC membranes: Thermoplastic membranes resistant to chemicals and
UV.
TPO membranes: Thermoplastic polyolefin membranes, known for their
energy efficiency.
Inspect regularly: Look for signs of damage or wear.
Clean gutters and downspouts: Ensure proper drainage.
Trim vegetation: Overhanging plants can trap moisture.
Repair cracks and gaps: Promptly address any damage.
Check for leaks: Monitor areas prone to water damage.
Proactive measures include:
● Proper grading: Ensure the ground slopes away from the foundation.
● Effective drainage: Install gutters, downspouts, and drainage systems.
● Seal cracks and gaps: Prevent water from entering through openings.
● Maintain plumbing: Fix leaks promptly.
● Ventilate properly: Reduce moisture buildup indoors
Epoxy flooring consists of multiple layers of epoxy resin, a thermosetting polymer, that are applied to a concrete substrate.This creates a durable, seamless, and often aesthetically pleasing flooring surface.
Durability: Highly resistant to abrasion, chemicals, impacts, and
stains.
● Longevity: Can last for many years with proper care.
● Low maintenance: Easy to clean and requires minimal upkeep.
● Seamlessness: Prevents the accumulation of dirt and bacteria.
● Chemical resistance: Withstands harsh chemicals and solvents.
● Moisture resistance: Prevents water damage and is suitable for wet environments.
● Aesthetics: Available in various colors, finishes, and designs.
● Safety: Can be slip-resistant with added aggregates.
Industrial facilities: Warehouses, factories, and manufacturing plants.
● Commercial spaces: Retail stores, showrooms, and offices.
● Healthcare facilities: Hospitals, clinics, and laboratories.
● Automotive garages: Repair shops and dealerships.
● Food and beverage processing: Kitchens and production areas.
● Residential garages: Protecting the concrete floor and enhancing appearance.
● Aircraft hangars: Resistant to fuel and chemicals.
Regular cleaning involves:
● Sweeping or vacuuming: Removing loose debris.
● Mopping: Using a mild detergent and water.
● Spot cleaning: Addressing spills and stains promptly.
Avoid harsh chemicals: Use pH-neutral cleaners.
● Prevent dragging heavy objects: Can scratch or damage the surface.
● Protect from impacts: Avoid dropping heavy items.
● Address spills immediately: Prevent staining and damage
Epoxy flooring can be slippery, especially when wet.However,slip-resistant additives can be incorporated into the epoxy to enhance traction.
Some epoxy formulations are designed for outdoor use, but they must be specifically formulated to withstand UV exposure and temperature fluctuations.
Painting is more than just applying color to a surface; it's a transformative process that can dramatically alter the look and feel of any space. From adding a touch of personality to a room to protecting surfaces from the elements, painting plays a vital role in both aesthetics and functionality.
➢ Aesthetics: Painting allows us to express our personal style and create visually appealing environments. Color can evoke emotions, set a mood, and transform a dull space into a vibrant and inviting one.
➢ Protection: Paint acts as a protective barrier against the elements, preventing damage from moisture, sunlight, and wear and tear. This is crucial for both interior and exterior surfaces.
➢ Functionality: Specialized paints offer additional benefits, such as waterproofing, anti-corrosion properties, and even heat reflection.
➢ Value Enhancement: A fresh coat of paint can significantly increase the value of a property, making it more attractive to potential buyers.
Paints are broadly categorized based on their binder, the substance that holds the pigment particles together. Some common types include:
● Latex Paint: Water-based and easy to clean, latex paint is a popular choice
for interior walls and ceilings.
● Oil-Based Paint: Known for its durability and smooth finish, oil-based paint
is often used for trim, doors, and metal surfaces. However, it requires
solvents for cleanup.
● Enamel Paint: A durable and glossy paint often used for kitchens,
bathrooms, and furniture.
● Acrylic Paint: A versatile paint that can be used on various surfaces,
including canvas, wood, and metal.
● Specialty Paints: These paints are designed for specific purposes, such as
textured paints, metallic paints, and chalkboard paint.
Painting involves several key steps:
1. Surface Preparation: Cleaning, sanding, and priming the surface to ensure proper adhesion of the paint.
2. Priming: Applying a primer to create a smooth and even surface for the
paint to adhere to.
3. Painting: Applying the paint in thin, even coats, allowing each coat to dry completely before applying the next.
4. Finishing Touches: Cleaning up any drips or spills and adding any
necessary touch-ups.
How to choose the the Right Paint:
Selecting the right paint depends on several factors:
● Surface: The type of surface being painted (e.g., walls, wood, metal).
● Location: Whether the surface is interior or exterior.
● Desired Finish: The desired look (e.g., matte, satin, gloss).
● Durability: The level of wear and tear the surface will be exposed to.
● Budget: The cost of the paint.
Latex paint is water-based, dries quickly, and is easier to clean up (with soap and water). Oil-based paint is more durable, provides a smoother finish, but requires solvents for cleanup and takes longer to dry. Latex is generally preferred for interior walls, while oil-based is often used for trim, doors, and metal.
A: Paint sheen refers to the level of gloss. Here's a general guide:
● Flat/Matte: Hides imperfections well, ideal for ceilings and low-traffic areas.
● Eggshell/Satin: Offers a subtle sheen, good for walls in living rooms and bedrooms.
● Semi-Gloss: Durable and easy to clean, suitable for kitchens and bathrooms.
● High-Gloss: Very shiny and highly durable, best for trim, cabinets, and high-traffic areas
A: Primer is a base coat that creates a uniform surface for paint to adhere to. It
also helps block stains, improve paint coverage, and enhance durability.
A: Typically, two coats are recommended for optimal coverage and color saturation. However, some highly pigmented paints may only require one coat, while others may need three.
A: Peeling paint can be caused by poor surface preparation, applying paint over a glossy surface without sanding, or moisture problems.
A: Use a roller with an extension pole to reach the ceiling. Work in small sections and maintain a wet edge to avoid lap marks.
A: Use a brush for detailed work and painter's tape to protect adjacent surfaces. Apply thin coats and allow them to dry completely between coats.
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